The Land F/X irrigation functions relate to the design and creation of Irrigation Construction Documents and water use analysis and reports. Automation and database organization allow management and ease of use in irrigation component and symbol management, head flow and pressure, piping and pipe sizing, labeling, and schedules.

In This Section

• Use the Irrigation Managerto add components to the project.

• Use Source Data and Pipe Data to control the basic requirements of the flow and pressure.

• Quickly and easily place headsof all types into the drawing, indicating the arc and radius patterns.

• Quickly create and calculate zones and circuiting for grouping heads.

• Accurately draw lateral lines connecting heads to system valves.

• Create the mainline to supply the valve systems.

• Use the Land F/X tools such as Highlight Station,Verify Piping, and Verify Mainline to test and verify that the system is correctly piped.

• Instantly size lateral lines and mainlines with consideration to all of the factors necessary to determine proper size and flow requirements.

• Instantly label all of the pipes as you size them.

• Automatically create Irrigation Schedules to reflect all of the equipment you have placed into the drawing.

The following is a guideline for the sequential steps necessary for an irrigation design. While it is not necessary to follow these steps precisely, it is best for the User to follow this sequence of design until they are more familiar with the process of Land F/X.

When the site is ready for an irrigation plan, use the Project Manager to open an existing project or create a new one. With the appropriate project active, open the Irrigation Manager.

If the source for the irrigation system is a given, such as a specific water meter size with no options, enter the Source Data.

If the source for the irrigation system is flexible, it is best to enter the source data when all the heads are laid out, and a Flow Total is run.

Enter the Pipe Data for the type of lateral line and mainline pipe, and the design requirements for the pipe.

Add the Irrigation Components to the project, including the heads, valves, and auxiliary equipment.

Place the heads into the drawing.

Do NOT use the AutoCAD Copy command to copy a head after you have piped to it.

Use the Flow Total function to determine the Flow Total required for the heads placed. Compare this requirement with your Source Data to determine the size and number of Zones and Circuiting.

Use the Circuit function to divide the heads placed into logical zoned areas.

To help determine to locations of the control valves for each zone, layout a schematic mainline. This process includes:

• Placement of quick couplers or hose bibs as desired throughout the site.

• Approximate schematic layout of the mainline from the point-of-connection location to the quick couplers, and where valves are generally intended. This is done with the LI-PIPE-MAIN-NPLT layer.

• Placement of a control valve for each zone.

• Placement of water meter (or Point of Connection) and the backflow device.

Do NOT use the AutoCAD Copy command to copy a valve after you have piped to it or labeled it.

Pipe the lateral lines to connect the heads within a particular zone to the related valve for that zone.

After piping the heads for a particular zone, use the Highlight Station function at the valve to verify that the desired heads are correctly piped and connected to the valve.

After piping all of the heads to their related valves in the project, use the Verify Piping function to ensure that you have not missed any heads.

This function can also highlight �apparent intersections� which will require the Insert Pipe Arc function to insert arcs into the piping.

Size the lateral lines either one valve at a time, or all valves at once.

After sizing the lateral lines, start at each valve and organize the pipe labels that need to be moved, added, or deleted.

Draw the mainline from the water meter, or point-of-connection, to the backflow device, and generally along the schematic mainline layout path, connecting the mainline to each valve and quick coupler (or hose bib).

Verify that the valves and quick couplers are correctly connected to the mainline. This function also checks to see if all valves are called out.

Use the Valve Callout function to label the valves as required.

Size the mainline at the water meter or point-of-connection. A Critical Analysis Report is generated after sizing the mainline, which reports on the pressure and flow requirements of the system.

If the mainline cannot size because some of the valve stations require more flow or pressure than is available, either add a booster pump, change a head type, or re-design some of the lateral systems as required. If a booster pump is added, delete the mainline around where it is going, then re-pipe the mainline in each direction as required.

When Land F/X sizes the mainline, the pipes are sized and color coded, but no pipe labels are automatically placed by the program. This is purposely done to allow the Designer to add the mainline sizes manually where they think is best. Use the pipe label tools to add labels as required.

The mainline drawn will be plotted as a heavy dashed line. As it is drawn, it may interfere with some of the lateral piping, heads, or other equipment. Use the Mainline Break function to break the mainline at places where it interferes with other items.

If you wish the Irrigation Schedule to refer to a detail for each irrigation component, associate a detail with the various irrigation components.

Place an Irrigation Schedule where required.

The Project Irrigation Manager organizes and displays irrigation equipment and components, allows for adding or importing irrigation data, and controls the water source data and pipe type and data.

From the Irrigation Manager select Source Data to access the data and criteria for the irrigation water source. This dialog box will determine the available flow and pressure at the Point of Connection. This dialog box needs to be accessed before sizing any mainline, so it is best to do so early in the irrigation design process.

P.O.C.:

A project can have up to ninety nine different P.O.C.�s (Point of Connections) for the water service. Each P.O.C. can have its own unique requirements for water source criteria.

Water Source Flow:

There are three options for determining available water flow:

• Water Meter Size: the GPM Available is variable depending on the percent of safe flow through the meter that the Designer indicates. 75% of the safe flow through the meter is the default percent of safe flow.

• Point of Connection Size: the GPM Available becomes the equivalent flow through the pipe size selected at a velocity of 7.5 fps, for maximum flow potential.

• Custom Max GPM Available: this is a Designer defined amount, as is generally used for well water.

Water Source Pressure:

Available water pressure is determined by:

• Static Pressure at Service: an amount entered by the Designer to indicate the static pressure in the main line, usually based upon water source information.

• Elevation change from Service: pressure loss for the change in elevation from the water main to the P.O.C., with a 5 foot default elevation.

• Service Line Size and Length: pressure loss for the pipe from the water main to the P.O.C. or the water meter, usually a relatively short run of pipe, this defaults at a 20 foot length. The pressure loss calculated for this pipe is based upon a worst case scenario of Standard Steel Pipe, with a �C� factor of 1.00.

From the Irrigation Manager select Pipe Data to access the data and criteria for the irrigation lateral and mainline piping. This dialog box will determine the type of pipe used for the project, and design requirements for the calculation of the pipe sizes. This dialog box needs to be accessed before sizing any lateral line and mainline, so it is often done so early in the irrigation design process.

These factors determine the type of pipe and the design flow characteristics that will be used to calculate the lateral line pipe sizes.

• Lateral Line Pipe Category: various types of lateral pipe types with PVC Class 200 as the default.

• Maximum Flow Velocity: maximum flow velocity used in calculating the friction loss and pipe sizing for lateral lines. This has a sliding bar for velocities of 1.0 fps to 8.0 fps with 5.0 fps as the default.

• Pressure Variation Factor: variation of the Design Pressure between the first and last heads within the lateral system. This factor defines a percentage of the Design Pressure that will be the maximum variation (or difference) between any two heads, and is generally used to balance the system. This factor has a sliding bar for percent variations of between 0 and 30%, with a default of 20%.

• Fittings/Safety Factor: percent of the total PSI loss to compensate for fitting loss, field piping variations, and factor of safety. This factor has a sliding bar for percent variations of between 0 and 20%, with a default of 10%. Thus, a 10% safety factor on a system that has a 4.3 PSI loss, will result in a total loss of 4.47 PSI.

• Minimum Lateral Size: the minimum size pipe used in the lateral piping system, with a default of ��.

• Label Minimum Size: check this box to have the minimum pipe size labeled. When this box is not checked, none of the minimum sized pipes are labeled, and a note is added to the pipe description in the Irrigation Schedule which says: �Only lateral transition pipe sizes 1� and above are indicated on the plan, with all others being �� in size.� (if you indicated �� as the minimum size.)

• Use 1-1/4� Pipe: When this box is left unchecked, the pipe sizing function will skip 1�1/4� pipe, as some Designers feel it is not a large enough increase in inside diameter to justify the expense.

• Detail: If desired, select a detail to represent the lateral line piping. This detail will be referenced in the Irrigation Schedule.

These factors determine the type of pipe and the design flow characteristics that will be used to calculate the mainline pipe sizes.

• Mainline Pipe Category: various types of lateral pipe types with PVC Class 200 as the default.

• Maximum Flow Velocity: maximum flow velocity used in calculating the friction loss and pipe sizing for lateral lines. This has a sliding bar for velocities of 1.0 fps to 8.0 fps with 5.0 fps as the default.

• Fittings/Safety Factor: percent of the total PSI loss to compensate for fitting loss, field piping variations, and factor of safety. This factor has a sliding bar for percent variations of between 0 and 20%, with a default of 10%. Thus, a 10% safety factor on a system with a total of 3.5 PSI loss through the mainline will become a 3.85 total loss.

• Minimum Mainline Size: the minimum size pipe used in the mainline piping system.

• Detail: If desired, select a detail to represent the mainline piping. This detail will be referenced in the Irrigation Schedule.

You do not add P.O.C.�s or Pipe to your project – instead use the Source Data and Pipe Data buttons to manage that information.

Adding irrigation components and to a Project allows you to quickly create a palette of equipment that will be used to build the irrigation plan. Land F/X automates the process by including a database of pressure and flow characteristics for the equipment of most major manufacturer�s of irrigation products.

Irrigation components are organized into four categories indicated by radio buttons at the top of the dialog box. Selecting a category will result in a list of components for that category in the dropdown list box below the categories.

The components for each category are as follows:

• Heads: Turf Spray Shrub Spray Turf Rotary Shrub Rotary Bubbler Turf Rotor Shrub Rotor Turf Impact Shrub Impact Valve-in-Head Rotor

• Valves: Remote Control Valve Manual Control Valve Quick Coupler Valve Hose Bibb Shut Off Valve Master Valve Check Valve Air Relief Valve Drain Valve Pressure Reducing Valve

• Auxiliary Equipment: Controller Rain Switch Backflow Device Booster Pump Well Pump Flow Meter Flow Sensor Moisture Sensor Thrust Block Wire Bundle Central Controller

• Drip: Drip RCV Drip Tubing Single Outlet Emitter Multi-Outlet Emitter Drip Bubbler Drip Spray Dripline Drip Popup Flush Valve Drip Air Relief Valve Zone Control

From the Project Irrigation Manager, select the radial button Heads. The drop down box will list the components for the Head category. Select the type of spray head desired, either Turf Spray or Shrub Spray. In this example select Turf Spray.

Note that you may have up to two Turf Sprays in a project, and up to four Shrub Sprays. The toolbar for selecting them will be in the same order they appear in the Irrigation Manager.

Select Add and a list of manufacturers that have data in the Land F/X database for that component will be listed.

In this example select Rain Bird to view the Series dialog box for this component.

After selecting a manufacturer, all of the equipment options for that manufacturer will be displayed. In this example Rain Bird offers turf spray bodies with 2� popup to 6� popup, and body combination choices of: plain, a pressure regulator (PRS), a check valve (SAM), or a check valve and pressure regulator (SAM-PRS)

For this example select the 1804 (4� popup) SAM-PRS (check valve and pressure regulator). Click Add to Project and you will be able to select the Design Pressure and Radius Reduction percent for that head in the Pressure Options dialog box.

Design Pressure

The Design Pressures indicated are those listed by the manufacturer in their documentation. The spray heads Design Pressure defaults to the pressure which provides the rated radius coverage for that head type. In this case 30 psi is the default Design Pressure. Default Pressures are only provided for spray heads. These default pressures result in the optimum performance for the nozzle, so that a 12 ft. radius nozzle will provide 12 ft. radius of coverage (according to the manufacturer) with the default pressure. If a different pressure is desired, simply click that radial button.

Selecting a lower pressure will result in the corresponding manufacturer�s listed radius for that pressure when the head is placed into the drawing. Therefore a 15 Series Rain Bird nozzle with a Design Pressure of 30 psi will be drawn at a 15 ft radius when placed on the drawing, if 25 psi is selected for the Design Pressure the radius drawn will be 14 ft, and if 20 psi is selected for the Design Pressure the radius drawn will be 12 ft, all as indicated on the manufacturer�s performance data.

Radius Reduction

The Radius Reduction Percent is a sliding bar that effects the radius that will be drawn in 5% intervals. The irrigation Designer may want a certain Design Pressure, say 30 psi, and may also want to represent a smaller radius for a head than listed by the manufacturer performance data, for instance if there are heavy winds in the area, or if the Designer wishes to be more conservative in the radius represented by the head. Many Designers prefer that the radius drawn on the Irrigation Plan be an 85% to 90% Radius Reduction from that listed by the manufacturer for a given Design Pressure. Note that although it operates in 5% increments, the system will round the result down to the nearest whole number. Thus, a 5' spray head will be represented with a 4' radius with any radius reduction from 80-95%.

Automatic Nozzle Data Insertion

After selecting a Design Pressure all of the nozzle combinations for this body type will be added to the project and available for use in an Irrigation Plan.

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View Data

If at any time during the selection process you wish to view the manufacturer�s performance data, select the View Data button, which are available within the Irrigation Manager, Equipment Options, and Pressure Options dialog boxes.

Viewing the data on command allows the irrigation Designer to quickly access the manufacturer�s performance requirements to evaluate the suitability of the equipment for the required irrigation tasks

From the Project Irrigation Manager, select the radial button Heads. The drop down box will list the components for the Head category. Select the type of rotor head desired, either Turf Rotor or Shrub Rotor. In this example select Turf Rotor.

Select Add and a list of manufacturers that have data in the Land F/X database for that component will be listed.

In this example select Hunter to view the Series Options dialog box for this component. If a manufacturer has more than one series option for a type of equipment, the Series Options dialog box will appear allowing the Designer to determine what series of head to use.

Select a Series of Turf Rotor from the Hunter product line. In this example select the I-40 Series. The available options for the I-40 will appear. In this case two options are available, the I-40 ADS, 36S for adjustable and full circle with check valve and stainless steel riser, or the I-40 ARS, 3RS for the same as above fro reclaimed water.

Select the Series Option and click Add to Project. You will then be directed to select a symbol to represent this head. You can add to this symbol library, or alter the existing symbols, see Adding User Defined Irrigation Symbols to Land F/X.

Select a desired symbol and the Design Pressure dialog box will appear.

Select an appropriate Design Pressure for this head. The Designer may have to click on the View Data button to view the manufacturer�s performance data, and to consider what static pressure is available for the project, to make a decision on which Design Pressure to use.

The Radius Reduction Percent is a sliding bar that effects the radius that will be drawn in 5% intervals, rounded down to the nearest whole foot, the same as mentioned for spray heads above.

When you select a Design Pressure, the corresponding manufacturer�s listed radius for that pressure, along with any radius reduction, will be drawn when the head is placed into the drawing.

If at any time during the selection process you wish to view the manufacturer�s performance data, select the View Data button, which are available within the Irrigation Manager, Equipment Options, and Pressure Options dialog boxes.

From the Project Irrigation Manager, select the radial button Valves. The drop down box will list the components for the Valve category. Select the type of valve desired, in this example Remote Control Valve.

Select Add and a list of manufacturers that have data in the Land F/X database for that component will be listed.

In this example select Rain Bird to view the Series Options dialog box for this component. The manufacturer�s series of valve types will be displayed.

Select the valve Series from the Rain Bird product line. In this example select the PEB Series. The available options for the PEB Series will appear.

Select the Series Option, for example the PEB model (without pressure regulator), and click Add to Project. The PEB valve data for all sizes of the valve will be added to the project.

If at any time during the selection process you wish to view the manufacturer�s performance data, select the View Data button, which are available within the Irrigation Manager, Equipment Options, and Pressure Options dialog boxes.

After adding an RCV to the project, you can select Edit from the Irrigation Manager to change its symbol, callout style, or completely replace it with a different model

Highlighting the Rain Bird PEB in the Project Irrigation Manager, and selecting the Edit button will bring up the Valve Info dialog box. From here, edit the description, change the model, or select a different symbol or callout.

Select the radial button Auxiliary Equipment from the Irrigation Manager. The drop down box will list the components for the Auxiliary Equipment category. Select the type of component desired, in this example Controller.

Select Add and a list of manufacturers that have data in the Land F/X database for that component will be listed.

In this example select Rain Bird to view the Series Options dialog box for this component. The manufacturer�s series of controllers will be displayed.

Select the controller Series from the Rain Bird product line. In this example select the ESP-MC Series. The available options for the ESP-MC Series will appear.

Select the Series Option, for example the ESP-24MC-SS, a 24 station stainless pedestal mount controller, and click Add to Project. The controller has been added to the project.

If at any time during the selection process you wish to view the manufacturer�s performance data, select the View Data button, which are available within the Irrigation Manager, Equipment Options, and Pressure Options dialog boxes.

Very often the options for an irrigation controller are too great to list. If this is the case, when you select the controller Series you will be directed to �web configure�, and you will be automatically taken to that series information on the manufacturer�s web site through your internet browser. You can then manually enter the model, or simply add the controller undefined and edit it at a later date.

The Place Head function will allow the End User to access the project irrigation head information, and place into t he drawing, spray, rotor, and bubbler heads that have been entered into the project.

Selecting the Place Head function will result in a floating toolbar for placing heads. This toolbar is floating for the quick and easy use by the Designer, and can closed at any time by selecting the �X� in the upper right hand corner. To open again, reselect the Place Head icon.

When you add a spray head manufacturer, series, and model to represent the project spray heads, all nozzles and options for that model are automatically available for input into the drawing. The heads will also automatically have all of the performance data conforming to the manufacturer�s specifications, and all symbols setup for placement.

• Select the type of spray head desired: select the icon for either Turf Spray or Shrub Spray on the Place Head toolbar.

• Select the radius of the nozzle you wish to place: select the dropdown number icon on the Place Head toolbar. While a number of spray radius amounts are indicated on this dropdown, only those that apply to the specific manufacturer�s product selected will have data available.

• Select the arc of the nozzle you wish to place: select from adjustable to 360 arc radius on the Place Head toolbar.

For example, select Turf Spray, 12� radius, and quarter arc nozzle. When you place the head into the drawing, several things happen:

• A radius target is visible at the crosshair location. This radius is for the 12� nozzle, with a radius matching the pressure indicated when you added the head, and adjusted down if you indicated a radius reduction.

• Adjust the Radius by pushing the “W”, 'S”, “A” and “D” keys on your Keyboard. These keys will increase or decrease the radius of the head. You can also use the “Q” and “E” keys to change the Nozzle's on the head. Once you have the desired selection, click on the physical location where you want the head to be on the site.

• When you click on a location, the radius target goes away and the symbol is placed, offset from the location selected, appropriately sized for the scale of the drawing, and with an arc and radius pattern to fit the nozzle type.

• Rotate the head until the arc and radius pattern fit the desired position.

Placing adjustable arc nozzle heads is a three step process. After selecting the radius and adjustable arc nozzle, click on the location for the head, then two points to define what the adjustable arc will be. The arc is defined in a counter-clockwise direction.

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Each head inserted will not only have the radius to match the manufacturer�s performance data, but will also automatically have data attached to it for the GPM flow requirements listed by the manufacturer for the design pressure. Adjustable heads will have flow data based upon each degree of arc entered.

When you add a manufacturer's model to a project, the strip sprays for lawn and shrub are automatically added along with the standard and adjustable nozzles.

Strip Spray pattern nozzles are selected in a little different manner from standard spray heads. You don�t use the turf or shrub, radius, and arc selector. Instead, selecting the Select Special Spray button lets you pick the desired head within a separate dialog box.

Select the turf or shrub model, in this case the 1804 for turf or 1812 for shrub, and then the strip spray desired. Rain Bird has five 4� wide nozzles (15CST, EST, SST, LCS, RCS), a 9� SST, and 8� flat heads.

Select Place to place the end strip head (15EST) on the drawing. Notice that the target is representative of the width of the spray pattern of the strip spray, but when the head is placed, the complete rectangular pattern for the strip spray is indicated.

When you add a rotor spray head manufacturer, series, and model to represent a rotor head type, all nozzles and options for that model are automatically available for input into the drawing. The heads will also automatically have all of the performance data conforming to the manufacturer�s specifications, and all symbols setup for placement.

Selecting the Place Rotor icon will display the Select Rotor dialog box. This will list all of the rotor models, shrub and turf, that you added to the project. When you highlight a model, the available nozzles will be displayed to the right.

If you wish to view the manufacturer's performance data for the highlighted model, click on View Data. For example, highlight the Hunter I-40 and select View Data. The performance data will be displayed through your Web Browser.

Viewing the performance data is a helpful tool for making decisions on which nozzle is best suited for the Designers requirements. Having the data available through the Land F/X database simplifies, organizes, and speeds up the decision making process of selecting irrigation components.

As an example select the Place Rotor icon, and then highlight the Hunter I-40 Turf Rotor. The Model indicates the Hunter I-40-ADS, 36S, which is an adjustable arc and 360 arc nozzle with stainless steel riser and check valve. This was the model option selected when adding the head to the project.

Notice that the nozzles available are the 40 through the 43 nozzle. The performance data above also indicates a 44 and 45 nozzle. These are not listed because the design PSI selected for this head at the time of adding it to the project was 50 psi. The manufacturer does not list a performance value for the 44 and 45 nozzle at 50 psi (as this is not enough pressure to properly operate those nozzles), so Land F/X will not allow these nozzles to show up when the head is highlighted.

Select the 42 nozzle and click on Place for insertion into the drawing. The radius target for the head will appear on the crosshairs for head placement.

Adjust the Radius by pushing the �W�, �S�, �A� and �D� keys on your Keyboard. These keys will increase or decrease the radius of the head. You can also use the �Q� and �E� keys to change the Nozzle�s on the head

Click on the location for the head and, if this is an adjustable nozzle, select the two points for the arc pattern. The two points must be in a counter clockwise direction. The symbol will be inserted, with the nozzle number and offset from the location selected, and the arc pattern will be indicated.

As mentioned above, if you are entering an adjustable arc of the nozzle selected, click on two points for its arc pattern. If you are entering a full circle arc, simply right click and a full circle nozzle symbol and nozzle pattern will automatically be entered.

You can now insert a square or rectangular grid to serve as a template for placing the remaining heads in the soccer field (see following section).

Place the adjustable heads along the edge by selecting the two points for the arc definition in a counter clockwise direction. For full circle heads, simply right click.

Grid Templates can be inserted at any time as an aid for laying out heads. Grids can be triangular or square, and are accessed from the Place Head icon menu group.

The objective of the grid template is to place a temporary grid on the drawing in a quick and easy fashion to aid in the placement of heads. Zoom out to see the area you want the grid to occupy. Select the appropriate grid pattern, either square grid or triangular grid. The command line will ask:

Maximum Grid spacing <47.0>:

If numbers are indicated in the < > default area, in this case 47.0, it is because that is the spacing of the head type you used last. This allows a quick default value for the grid spacing while you are placing heads, which you can accept with a right click of the mouse, or type in the spacing desired.

In this example right click or press enter to accept the default for the grid spacing, and the command line will ask:

Select entity or enter an angle <0>:

To indicate the angle at which you want the grid to be drawn, you can select any object, such as any line on the drawing or in an Xref, or type in an angle, press Enter to select default of �0�, or click on any point in space to indicate an angle with a rubber-band line.

Once you have selected the angle of the grid, the command line will prompt:

First corner:

Once you select any corner, the system will dynamically draw a grid as you move your mouse. At no point will the distance between grid lines ever be greater than the earlier specified Maximum Grid spacing. When you are satisfied with the size of the grid, simply Right Click, and the grid will be converted into a block that you can further move if necessary, or easily delete.

When placing heads, sometimes you know you need to place more of a head that is already placed. In many cases, it is faster to select the Match Head button to continue placing heads like the one specified, rather than selecting that style head from the toolbar.

Select the Match Head button from the Place Head floating toolbar, and then select any head, either spray or rotor. The system will then prompt you to place more of that head, just as if you manually selected that head using the previously mentioned techniques. Note that even if you click on a Full circle rotor, you will still be prompted to indicate the angle of the rotor, just as when you first placed the rotors. Likewise, spray heads will still prompt for their rotation angle, or spray angle if you selected an adjustable.

Once placed, heads can be copied along a straight line, insuring appropriate spacing between each one. This can dramatically speed the process of placing heads.

Click any head, and you will be prompted with a radius preview, rubber-banded to the selected head's insertion point. Indicate the placement of the last head, and that head will be copied along a line, maintaining no more spacing than its design radius. Note that Copy Head will also work with strip sprays, though obviously only center or side strips, not end strips. When used with Bubblers, the system will ask you to specify the maximum spacing between each bubbler

The Match Properties button functions similarly to the AutoCAD Match Properties command, in that it allows you to convert any number of destination heads to be the same as the selected source object.

The system will prompt you to select a source object, and then any number of destination objects. Note that it will function on any block, so it can be helpful to convert a plan done without Land F/X. Also, it sets the Undo marker in between each change, so that you can easily exit the command and then Undo back each individual change as necessary.

The Head Info button allows the user to see what model, flow, and Design Pressure any selected head is. This can be helpful in familiarizing oneself with a plan, or to see what flow an adjustable spray head requires. It also allows editing the Design Pressure, description, or nozzle.

Select the Head Info button, and then click on any head. You will see the Head Info dialog box indicating the type of head, manufacturer, model, nozzle, Design Pressure, and amount of flow.

You can edit the Model and Schedule Description, which will affect all heads in this family. Likewise, a change to the Design PSI will affect all heads of this model. While a change to the Nozzle will only affect the one head selected.

Circuiting the heads is a quick and flexible method of deciding how the heads are to be grouped into valve stations. When you circuit heads:

• Group like heads together. Turf spray heads will never be grouped with shrub heads.

• Group like plant materials together. Water loving plants should not be grouped with drought tolerant plants.

• Group like exposures together. Shade areas should not be grouped with sunny areas.

• Group rotor types together. One rotor model should not be group with a different model.

• Group rotor arc together. Most rotors are not matched precipitation, so group similar arc heads only on the same system.

To select the Circuit function select either:

Head Type It is important to select a specific head type to be circuited. The head type you select will be the only one considered when you circuit or add a zone, all others will be ignored.

Valve Zones Valve Zones allow you to quickly indicated grouping of heads into specific zones for a valve to control. After choosing a head type at the top, select New Zone and draw a polyline fence around a group of heads. When you are done, the zone will be labeled and colored.

Zone Number: The Zone Number box indicates the zone number that you have created on the drawing. Use the drop down arrow to select a specific zone number.

Zone Total: This is the total gpm flow for the Zone Number indicated above.

Recalc Zones: Re-calculates all zones, after user has moved the points of any polyline zone boundaries.

New Zone: Selecting New Zone will allow you to draw a new zone, and the zone number will automatically advance, and will place that zone number along with the total flow for that group of heads within the zone. Each zone is created with a different color for clarity.

Add New: Select a specific Zone Number and click on Add New to add another zone area to this existing zone number. For example, select zone 5 from the Zone Number, click on Add New, and add another group of heads that will also be indicated as zone 5, and the Zone Total for zone 5 will reflect the total of those two areas.

Add Existing: Select a specific Zone Number and click on Add Existing to select any other existing zone and add it to the selected zone. For example, select zone 2 from the Zone Number, click on Add New, and click on another zone grouping of heads. That zone grouping will be changed to indicate Zone 2, the color of that zone will change to match Zone 2, and the Zone Total for Zone 2 will reflect the total of the original zone and the added area.

Head Tally: Allows a quick method of totaling the flow of a group of heads without needed to create a zone.

The Flow Total function will tally the total flow of the heads in the drawing, categorized by type, and then perform some basic calculations based upon the flow capabilities of the source data for the project (if any).

After selecting Flow Total, the command line will prompt:

Upper left corner of Flow Total:

Select a point in the drawing for the values to be placed like a schedule. This can be handy when determining the number of valves necessary, rather than repeatedly running the Flow Total. Note that even if you do Right Click to only view the totals in a dialog box, the values are also printed out to the text screen.

Basic system requirements can now be ascertained. Note that if there is more than one water source for the project, the valve numbers will be represented as a range. The actual number of valves used will probably vary, but this simple calculation can help in determining what Controller will be necessary, or if the system is too much for a single Point of Connection.

The circuit function allows you to add up the flow of heads by picking them one at a time, picking a group with a polyline, or selecting and labeling a Zone with a polyline.

You must first determine the maximum flow that is allowed by your point of connection to be able to properly circuit. The flow of each head grouping that makes up a circuit should not exceed the maximum allowable for the point of connection.

For this example, As indicated in the Flow Total Function, the maximum flow for each circuit in this example is no greater than 65 GPM. The heads need to be circuited together in logical groupings that do not exceed this limit.

Select the Circuit command, check the type of head you want to circuit (and it will ignore all others), and click on Add New to add a new zone, then place the zone.

Notice that when you place a zone:

• The radius layer of the heads turns off to help clarify the drawing.

• While each zone polyline border is a different color, they are all on the layer LI-HEAD-ZONE. At any time you wish, turn off the zone layer by either the Layer dialog box, or by the Express Tools Turn Objects Layer Off button.

• The layer LI-HEAD-ZONE is a non-plot layer and will not show up if you plot.

• The zone polyline border has a line weight of 0.40mm. If you work in line colors and not line weights, this function turns on the AutoCAD function line weight, indicated at the bottom of the screen with the LWT button. When you are finished with the zoning, you may want to turn off the LWT button if it is still on.

Notice that the zone polyline borders ignores heads of a different type, in this case shrub spray. The zone border acts as a crossing, and will only count those heads of the type selected within the border area or intersecting the bounding polyline.

From the Circuit dialog box, highlight Zone Number 1, and select Add Area. Now zone an additional area and review the Circuit dialog box.

The circuit numbers are arbitrary, and relate only to the order that you circuited areas. To delete a circuit, simply delete the polyline boundary and its text total – the next time you start the Circuit dialog box, that Zone number will be gone. It IS possible to have multiple zones counting the same head more than once.

When you reviewed the Source Data, you established one or more P.O.C.�s, and determined what the water source flow is at the P.O.C.(s). These P.O.C.�s might be a water meter, a point of connection size (such as a 2� pipe tap into a main service line), or a custom max available.

The next step is to place this P.O.C. into the drawing along with any required backflow device.

In this example we will assume your P.O.C. is a 1�� water meter. To place the water meter, select the Place Auxiliary Equipment category.

The Select Equipment dialog box will list all auxiliary equipment that has been added to the project, as, in this example, a water meter, backflow device, and irrigation controller.

The water meter that was added to the project is a 1�� water meter, and was added for POC1. Highlight the water meter and select Place to insert into the drawing. When you place the meter, a dialog box will want to know how you wish to label this meter.

This defaults to �M�, but you can enter whatever letter or number you wish. Typically, if there is only one meter, just let the default apply. The next meter you add will automatically be �M2�.

Open the Select Equipment dialog box again and highlight the backflow device. Highlighting the backflow device will result in all sizes listed by the manufacturer for that model being available for input. Select the size of backflow that makes most sense for the project. If you need to know the manufacturer�s performance data to make a decision on the most appropriate size, select View Data to view the manufacturer�s data.

Select the 1-1/2� backflow device and Place into the drawing.

After the P.O.C. is placed, you can, if you wish, place some of the manual devices for water control, either quick couplers or hose bibs. To place, for example, a quick coupler, select the Place Valve function, where you would place this and other valves.

The Select Valve dialog box will list all valves that have been entered into the project.

Since a specific quick coupler valve model, a Rain Bird 3RC, was added to the project, the only size option for this item is ��. Highlight the quick coupler and select Place.

The target for a quick coupler or hose bibb will consist of three radius indications. These correlate to hose lengths, and include a 50�, 75�, and 100� radius. These relate to garden hose lengths, and the Designer can use this to help determine the location of the quick coupler.

Place quick couplers around the site at desired locations.

The drawing of a Schematic Mainline Layout is an optional phase, but a good idea as this layout may evolve as you further define where valves are located.

As soon as you placed a P.O.C. into the drawing, a layer was automatically created called LI-PIPE-MAIN-NPLT. This layer is automatically indicated as a non-plot layer, so it won�t plot if you accidentally leave it on. Make this the active layer and draw what you feel is the initial layout of the mainline. This should start at the P.O.C. and connect to the various quick couplers (or hose bibbs) you placed into the drawing, and reflect your intention of what the mainline layout will be. This layout will be adjusted as you add valves, and perhaps move things around.

You can place a valve for a circuit zone of heads at any time during the piping process. With the mainline laid out in a schematic process, and with the lateral systems zoned into groups, it is often best to place the valves in logical locations before lateral piping so you know where the lateral piping is connecting to.

The Select Valve dialog box will appear, and will list all valves that have been added to the project. Select the valve size that is appropriate for the flow gpm of the circuit zone.

In order to aid the decision on what size valve is most appropriate for the flow gpm of the circuit, select View Data while the valve is highlighted, and the performance data will appear in your web browser. In this example, the manufacturer�s performance data is clear in that a certain minimum flow is needed to insure a pressure loss through the valve to allow it to operate properly. The gray areas in the performance data indicate about a 2.5psi minimum loss is necessary to operate the valve.

The performance data is also helpful in determining the maximum flow and pressure loss a valve should have. A maximum pressure loss of less than 10% of the static pressure, or between 5psi to 8psi, is a normal practice.

Select Valve dialog box. Notice the when you highlight the valve on the left, the size options will be visible on the right for selection.

Place the size remote control valve that best fits the requirements of each zoned lateral system.

To begin piping, select the Pipe button on the Irrigation Toolbar, then select Draw Pipe from the Irrigation Piping floating toolbar.

All of the piping functions are located on the Irrigation Piping floating toolbar. These include drawing, verifying and checking, sizing, labeling, and editing.

Imagine the Draw Pipe function as placing actual pipe in the field.

• The Draw Pipe will only connect to lateral line related items, such as heads, valves, fittings, pipe, or simply a point in space that will act as a fitting. The Draw Pipe will not want to connect to non-lateral line related items, such as meters, backflows, trees, etc.

• The Draw Pipe will automatically �snap� to heads, fittings, or pipe if they are at the pick box area of your crosshairs. If you want to place a pipe near an entity, like a head, but not snap to it, zoom in closely to pick the area and avoid the head.

The order of selection of the Draw Pipe function for finding and snapping to an entity is:

1. Head.

1. Valve.

1. Pipe that it can insert a fitting into.

1. A point in space, where the Draw Pipe will assume you are piping to an end point fitting.

When you select the Draw Pipe function, the command line will read:

• Next point or head [<S>nap Angle, <A>rc, <U>undo, <H>ead autosnap On]:

This indicates you may:

Select a head, pipe, fitting, or a point in space.

• Type �S� for Snap Angle, which will be described later.

• Type �A� to draw the pipe as a graphical arc, for better readability.

• Type �U� for undo, which will undo a length of pipe for each �U� that you type, similar to the AutoCAD �undo� when drawing lines.

• Type �H� to turn on Head Autosnap

The AutoCAD Ortho function, either F8 or the Ortho Button, can be activated and the pipes will be drawn in a ortho relationship to the crosshairs. This can be freely toggled on and off while drawing piping.

Select Draw Pipe and click on a head. Notice that the head is highlighted, indicating that it was selected. Move the crosshairs to another head and select it. The second head will be highlighted, and a pipe will be drawn between the two.

Select a head with the crosshair pickbox.

The head is highlighted, indicating that it has been selected.

Select another head. It is highlighted and a pipe is drawn between the two.

The highlight that occurs when you draw pipe is color coded so the End User is fully aware of what is being piped:

• Yellow highlight when heads or valves are selected.

• Cyan highlight when a pipe is selected.

• Magenta highlight when nothing is selected, and a fitting in space is created.

• Green highlight when hovering over an existing fitting.|

Pipe a row of heads as indicated below. With ortho off, the pipe will snap to the center of the head symbol as you move from head to head. As the heads will be placed slightly left or right from each other, it may be the Designers preference to turn ON ortho after selecting the first head.

Row of heads to be piped.

Turn on ortho, F8, and the piping will be in ortho mode.

Pipe to each head and press �esc� or right click to exit.

F Remember: When you are finished drawing a section of pipe, press Esc or right click to exit the piping function.

For best control of the clarity of the drawing, toggle ortho ON and OFF as necessary during the piping function.

Connect the three full circle heads with ortho OFF. The pipe snaps to the center of the head.

Turn ortho ON, and pipe to a point near the lower head. The highlighted end indicates a fitting was created.

Select the adjacent head, right click to end.

Select the left full circle head.

With ortho ON, select the pipe. The highlighted area indicates that the pipe has been selected and a fitting created.

Finished piping.

Pipe the edge heads to the far left of the sample area.

With ortho OFF, select heads along the edge. The pipe will snap to each head.

At any time, pipe to a point in space as desired. The selection is highlighted to indicate a fitting was created.

The finished left edge piping.

Now pipe a main branch from the valve to the various pipe segments to complete the station piping.

With the Draw Pipe function, select the valve. Notice that the valve will be highlighted to indicate that it has been selected.

With ortho ON, click on the pipe The pipe will be highlighted to indicate that a fitting has been installed.

Click on the next two pipe runs. Each will be highlighted to indicate fittings installed.

The Highlight Station function will highlight any equipment connected by lateral or mainline pipe. You can click on a valve to see what heads it is running, or any piece of lateral pipe or head to see what that item is connected to. This is a �must use� function during the piping process, to confirm that heads are being properly connected, and that all of the heads are connected to the valve. This function is also convenient when generally reviewing a finished Irrigation Plan. The user can use this function to quickly see what heads are connected to a selected valve.

Highlight Lateral Pipe

Selecting Highlight Station will result in the crosshairs being replaced with just a pickbox, and the command line will read:

Select valve or piped component to highlight:

Click on a valve that you have completely piped to, and the valve and all heads attached to that valve will be highlighted.

Selecting �Highlight Station� and clicking on the valve will highlight all heads attached to that valve.

Highlight Mainline Pipe

Select Highlight Station and use the pickbox to select a piece of mainline pipe, or any equipment on the mainline other than a valve. All items connected by the mainline, including the point of connection, the backflow, any valves, and hose bibs (or quick couplers) will be highlighted.

                                                                                              equipment on the mainline other than a valve.  All

                                                                                              items connected to a mainline will be highlighted.

This function allows you to insert a sleeve at a particular pipe, and automatically allow that sleeve to be indicated in the Irrigation Schedule when run.

Insert Pipe Sleeve function

                                                                                              will appear.  Select the pipe in question.

define the length of the sleeve.

Note that you do not have to select a pipe, if you select any point in space, you can insert a general sleeve. Also, you can use the Pipe Label functions on sleeving, in order to label it.

The Pipe Arc function allows the End User to insert an arc in the piping when there are piping conflicts within a station, or from the piping of other stations.

Selecting the Pipe Arc function will result in the command line asking:

Select pipe:

Select the pipe you wish a pipe arc placed on. This selection can either be a general one where you will further define the first point of the arc, or at the location on the pipe for the first arc point. When you select the pipe the command line will ask:

Arc end point or <First point>:

If the point on the piping you selected was the first point of the desired arc location, then simply select the desired location of the end point of the arc.

If you wish to define the first and second points after selecting the pipe, right click or press Enter and select the first and second point of the arc. The command line will ask:

First arc point:

After selecting the first point, the command line will ask:

Arc end point or <First point>:

Define the end point, or press Enter to re-define the first point.

Piping from a valve crosses two unrelated lines, and needs an arc.

Selecting the Pipe Arc function results in a pick box. Select the pipe for the arc.

After selecting the pipe, a rubber band appears with the crosshairs. Select the second point.

Second point is selected and a half circle arc is placed between the two points.

If you wish to adjust the arc, just click on the arc and grab the arc grip and reposition it.

F Remember: You can draw the pipe arcs before or after sizing the lateral lines. The sizing is unaffected by the pipe arcs.

After all of the heads in the project are piped, select the Verify Piping command to ensure that you have not missed any heads.

If any of the heads are not piped correctly, the following dialog box will appear:

Verify Piping dialog box where heads are incorrectly piped.

Select OK and review the heads that are circled.

A �Circular Pipe Error� is when the system finds itself back at a head it has already tabulated for that system. It is easy to create a circular pipe error as a test, by simply piping several heads together in a loop. In practice, however, it is obviously not intended, and may be more difficult to resolve. Note that Verify Piping will attempt to highlight the offending pipe as well as heads that are part of a circular loop. The most common cause of a circular pipe error is when a user uses the AutoCAD Copy command to copy heads and pipe to a similar location. The hidden markers that Land F/X uses to connect piped equipment gets copied with them, resulting in the newly copied system appearing to be connected to the source system. In short, do not use the AutoCAD Copy command to copy piped heads, and always use the Verify Piping function to verify a system before sizing.

If all heads are piped correctly, the dialog box indicates No unpiped heads.

You can size a single valve�s laterals right after you draw the pipes for that valve, or size all of the lateral pipes for the entire project at once. Before sizing any lateral pipe, it is always a good idea to verify the piping of a single valve with the Highlight Valve function, and verifying the piping of an entire system with the Verify Piping function.

When the Lateral Size function is activated:

� The pipes are color coded for the different pipe sizes. The pipes are still on the original layer, LI-PIPE-LTRL, but the color is changed for the size.

� Labels are placed off to the side of each pipe size transition. These labels are easily manipulated with the label organization functions.

� Whether you size one valve at a time, or all valves at once, use �Undo� to back up your sizing at any time.

The command line will ask:

Select valve to size <All>:

Either manually select each valve one at a time, and that valve�s lateral system will be sized, or press Enter to select all of the valves in the project.

After selecting Size Lateral Pipe as indicated above, pressing Enter will size all of the lateral lines at one time.

Size All Valves at Once is best used on a simple system with just a few valves. On a project that is complex, with a great many valves and/or points of connections, it may be wise to select each valve at a time.

F Remember: When you Size All Valves at Once, you cannot take into consideration the pressure loss/gain caused by the elevation difference between the highest head and the valve, and the valve to the P.O.C., as you can when you Size One Valve at a Time.

The advantage of selecting one valve at a time is that a dialog box will ask for elevation points for the highest head, and of the valve to the P.O.C.

Elevation dialog box when sizing one valve at a time. Either one or both of these numbers can be �0� if the Designer is not concerned with adding this information.

This will allow the calculations for sizing the lateral and mainline to take into consideration the pressure loss or gain from elevation changes.

The pipe sizing is based upon the End User input as to the type of pipe, the static pressure, etc. in the Irrigation Manager Source Data and Pipe Data indicated at the start of this section.

F Remember: You can change the Source Data and Pipe Data information at any time. After sizing a lateral system and changing, for instance, the lateral pipe type from PVC Class 200 to PVC Schedule 40, simply re-size the lateral system.

The Equipment Info/Edit function is valuable for reviewing the requirements of piece of irrigation equipment, such as a head or valve, or any given length of pipe.

Equipment Info/Edit button.

Pipe Info/Edit

If you click on this function and select a piece of irrigation pipe that you have already sized, it will allow you to see the size, flow and pressure required on the pipe, and it will allow you to upsize or down size the pipe.

Equipment Info/Edit dialog box after selecting a section of pipe.

You can upsize or downsize the equipment by selecting the drop down box.

Head Info/Edit

If you use this function and select a head, you will get information about that head in the Equipment Info/Edit dialog box.

Equipment Info/Edit dialog box after selecting a head.

F Remember: It�s a little dangerous If you should decide You can not only upsize or down size a section of pipe, but you can add flow and pressure requirements to the line, in case you are capping for future use, and want the pipe to reflect the possible future demand.

Valve Info/Edit

If you use this function and select a valve that you have already sized, you will get information about that valve in the Equipment Info/Edit dialog box.

Equipment Info/Edit dialog box after selecting a head.

When you size a lateral line system with the Lateral Size function, pipe size notations are automatically placed off to the side of pipes that are transitions from one size to another, and not on every single pipe length. Thus, the first and last pipe locations, or transitions, where a 1�� pipe is located has that size called out, then 1� pipe is called out on the two transition pipes for its location, and so on.

A few of the pipe labels that are automatically placed into the drawing may conflict with other labels, the piping that is drawn, or some of the background drawing. These are easily moved, deleted, or added to with the pipe label organization functions. These changes to the labels should be done with Land F/X functions for maximum use of the automation of the program.

The Pipe Label Cleanup function allows the End User to move the labels freely, while automatically having the pipe callout �lasso� follow the label wherever it goes. Further, it allows �sliding� any pipe label along the length of a pipe, to allow easily moving it to increase readability of the plan.

Locate an area where the labels need to be moved or added to, for example:

The 1� callout above the valve is hidden by a head, the callouts just right of the valve are crowded.

Select �Pipe Label Cleanup� and click on the 1� number. Move the number to the left.

As you move the number, the callout �lasso� will automatically follow. Move the callouts that were grouped right of the valve.

Note that if you click on the arc lasso of the callout, you will then be able to �slide� the entire callout lengthwise along the pipe, for instance to move it away from an arc segment.

When the laterals are sized, the labels Land F/X inserts into the drawing are intentionally kept to a minimum. This is to avoid an excess of labels that will need to be deleted. In some cases, at the Designers discretion, pipes may need labels that were not added when the lateral pipes were sized. This is a quick process with the Pipe Label function.

After selecting the Pipe Label function, the crosshairs will be replaced with a pickbox. Click on the pipe you wish to label, the size will appear with a callout �lasso�. If you need to, move the label as indicated above with the Pipe Label Cleanup function.

The pipe circled needs a label. Select �Pipe Label� and click on the pipe with the pickbox.

The label is automatically placed for the pipe.

Move the label, if required, with the �Pipe Label Cleanup� function.

When the laterals are sized, there may be labels that, at the Designers discretion, redundantly callout pipe sizes and need to be deleted. The Delete Pipe Label function will remove the label and the callout �lasso� all in one action.

When the Delete Pipe Label function is selected, the command line will indicate:

Select callout to delete:

Select the label to delete, and the callout number and the callout �lasso� will both be deleted.

At any point after placing a valve, it can be called out. Resizing its lateral pipes will automatically update the callout with the correct GPM total. When you call out a valve, the number you assign it will be used by the Valve Schedule to identify it.

The system will prompt:

Select Valve:

After selecting a valve to call out, it will prompt for the valve number, suggesting the next available number:

Note that if you are labeling valves A-1 through A-99, then B-1 through B-99, and so on, it will only suggest the next valve at the end; so if you have valves A-1 and A-3, and valves B-1, it will suggest B-2, rather than A-2. As such, it is recommended to label all of your A valves, then all the B valves, and so on.

The system will verify the number you enter is not used by any other valves in the drawing, and will then prompt:

Leader end-point:

Select where you want the callout placed. The system will then prompt:

Call-out direction:

Select the general direction you wish the callout to be oriented, either to the left or right of the leader end-point. Finally, the system will prompt:

Arrow location, <no arrow>:

If you want an arrow drawn to the valve, click a point indicating the length of the leader you want desired. The system will draw a leader pointing directly to the center of the valve, you need only indicate the distance of the leader. If you would rather not have an arrow pointing to the valve, and instead organize your valve callouts in a common location, you can right click, and the system will instead place a number next to the valve, indicating what its number is. If you would prefer to just have the callout near the valve, with neither an arrow or number, you can press Esc when prompted for the arrow.

Note that if you enter a number for a valve that is already in use, you will be prompted with the following dialog box:

Duplicate allows you to re-use the same valve number, for instance if you have valves 1, 2, and 3 at every house lot.

Re-enter allows you to enter another valve number, indicating that you made a mistake and do not want to use the number entered.

Increment will increment any higher numbered valves as necessary, to make room for the number entered. For instance, if you entered A-12, it will increment valve A-12 to A-13, A-13 to A-14, and so on, until it reaches a valve that does not need to be incremented.

Note that you can re number the valve numbers by calling out a valve twice. If you call out a valve that already has been called out, you will get a Dialog box asking for the valve number. When you change this the same rules as before apply.

The Move Piped Equipment function allows you to move a piece of irrigation equipment, including all connected pipes, as well as any pipe and/or valve callouts. This helps to avoid having to erase all the objects and re-insert, pipe, size, and call them out, when all that is needed is to move them slightly.

The system will prompt:

Select head, valve, or fitting:

After selecting, you can move the object to its new location, and all connected pipes will move correctly with it.

The rotors and valve at the top of this drawing need to be moved down for a change to the curb line. Select Move Piped Equipment, select the valve and first two rotors, and move them down.

The valve and rotors have been moved to their new location, all connecting pipes have been moved, along with pipe labels, and the valve callout moved as well.

As a plan changes, or simply to re-pipe a system in a different manor, the Delete Station function allows rapid deletion of all pipe for a system, or even all pipe and heads. Any callouts for the selected pipe are also automatically deleted.

Select the Delete Station button, and then select any valve, head, or pipe of the system you wish to delete. The system will be highlighted, and then a dialog box will prompt to confirm the delete, as well as give you the opportunity to delete just the pipe, or all pipe and heads in the system.

Delete Station confirmation dialog box.

The schematic mainline layout mentioned earlier in this section was useful in locating the valves and positioning the schematic mainline piping layout to them and the quick couplers.

When you select the Draw Mainline Pipe function, the lateral lines will be turned off to better visualize where the mainline is going. When you are finished with this function, the lateral lines will automatically turn back on. As you will not see the lateral lines when you pipe the mainline, the schematic mainline layout is important to help the Designer avoid drawing the mainline directly over a lateral line or other similar situation.

Imagine the Draw Mainline Pipe function as placing actual pipe in the field.

� The Draw Mainline Pipe will only connect to mainline related items, such as valves, water meters, backflow devices, fittings, pipe, or simply a point in space that will act as a fitting. The Draw Mainline Pipe will not want to connect to non-mainline related items, such as heads, trees, etc.

� The Draw Mainline Pipe will automatically �snap� to valves, fittings, or pipe if they are at the pick box area of your crosshairs. If you want to place a pipe near an entity, like a valve, but not snap to it, zoom in closely to pick the area and avoid the valve.

� The order of selection of the Draw Mainline Pipe function for finding and snapping to an entity is:

� Valve or other mainline block.

� Pipe fitting.

� Pipe that it can insert a fitting into.

� A point in space, where the Draw Pipe will assume you are piping to an end point fitting.

When you select the Draw Mainline Pipe function, the command line will read:

Next point or valve: [<S>nap Angle, <A>rc, <U>undo]:

This indicates you may:

� Select a valve, pipe, fitting, or a point in space.

� Type �S� for Snap Angle, which was described in the Draw Lateral Line Piping earlier in this section.

� Type �A� to draw the mainline as an arc.

� Type �U� for undo, which will under a length of pipe for each �U� that you type, similar to the AutoCAD undo when drawing lines.

F Remember: The AutoCAD Ortho function, either F8 or the Ortho Button, can be activated and the mainline will be drawn in a ortho relationship to the crosshairs. This can be freely toggled on and off while drawing the mainline.

Select the Draw Mainline Pipe function and start at the water meter (or other P.O.C. if the situation is non-metered), and connect the meter to the backflow device. You will notice that when an item is selected, it will be highlighted as heads are in lateral piping. This, as with lateral piping, allows the End User to know that an item is selected and piped to.

It would be fine to draw the mainline to the valves and quick couplers, then add the connection to the water meter or P.O.C. at a later date. This would be the case if your were not sure where the water meter will actually be located, but need to continue with the Irrigation Plan at the moment.

Now draw the mainline in a similar location to the schematic mainline layout. The schematic layout is for general direction only, and you don�t necessarily have to follow it carefully, but it is there for a reason. It is often useful to keep the Ortho function on, with F8 or the Ortho Button.

Draw the mainline and connect to valves and quick couplers as required. While it is best not to draw a mainline directly over and parallel to a lateral pipe, it is OK to draw over heads and cross where lateral pipe will be. You will be given the opportunity to clean up mainline conflicts after you have drawn it. You can use the Pipe Arc function on the mainline as well as on the lateral lines.

Before sizing the mainline, you will want to verify that all of the valves and quick couplers (or hose bibs) have been piped to. The Verify Mainline function verifies that all valves and quick couplers are piped.

Verify Mainline will first check to confirm that all valves have had their lateral lines sized. If any have not, the valves will be highlighted, and a dialog box will notify you that the circled valves need their lateral lines sized.

If any valves or quick couplers are not connected to the mainline when you select the Verify Mainline function, a dialog box will appear to inform you that unconnected items are circled in Yellow.

If all of the valves and quick couplers are properly connected to the mainline, and at least one valve is called out, the dialog box will instead indicate which valves have yet to be called out. If all valves are connected to a water source and called out, it will simply indicate that all valves are correctly labeled and connected.

Verify Mainline message with one or more items not connected to the mainline.

Verify Mainline message if all equipment is properly connected, and all valves are called out.

Select the Size Mainline function and click on the water meter, or the P.O.C. if that applies.

A dialog box will appear to see if you are designing for a Single Valve Operating at a Time, or Multiple Valves Operating at a Time.

� Single Valve Operating at a Time: the mainline will be sized for the critical valve station flow on any given length of pipe.

� Multiple Valves Operating at a Time: you will be asked to fill in the Maximum Mainline Flow, and the mainline will be sized for this flow at all areas. Some consideration by the Designer will have to be made as to what the maximum mainline flow should be:

� What is the maximum flow that will be allowed for a cost effect maximum size of mainline. A 4� mainline may be cost effective, but not a 6� one.

� What is a maximum flow amount that can reasonably handle more than one valve at a time. If each valve has about 50 gpm, it will do no good to have a 75 gpm maximum flow, it will not handle two or more valves at once.

� It would be best to specify an irrigation controller that is specifically designed to manage a multiple valve operation based upon a maximum flow.

Before sizing the mainline, Land F/X must know if the design is for a Single Valve at a Time, or Multiple Valves Operating at a Time.

In this example, select Single Valve Operating at a Time, and the mainline will be sized and a Critical Analysis Report will be displayed.

Note that the Flow Velocity used in sizing the Mainline is indicated on the dialog box, allowing easy access to changing this value. It is also replicated on the Pipe Data dialog box. It is replicated here, as when a mainline cannot be sized, due to having pressure requirements greater than the P.O.C. can provide, often simply reducing the velocity of the flow can result in lower pressure needs. Also, for a looped mainline, particularly if it is a large system over long distances, a flow velocity of three or four fps would be more appropriate than five or more.

This report will list all valves in the drawing, with columns for the types of heads connected to them, their size, GPM, PSI, and Precipitation Rate.

After selecting the function, you will be prompted with the following dialog box:

Valve Schedule dialog box.

You can send the schedule into the drawing, or to a spreadsheet.

An example of the generated schedule looks like the following:

Example Valve Schedule output.

This report will determine if there is adequate flow and pressure for the system as designed. Various factors will be listed that effect the mainline for the P.O.C. selected. This includes:

� System available flow.

� System available pressure.

� Critical flow requirement.

� Residual flow available.

� Critical pressure requirement.

� Residual pressure available

Critical Analysis Report displayed upon sizing the mainline.

When the mainline is sized, the mainline pipes are color coded for the different sizes, but the sizes are not called out. This is purposely done to allow the Designer to add the mainline sizes manually where he/she thinks it is best to communicate the design.

Use the Pipe Label function to label the mainline at transition points and other locations as desired. Use the Pipe Label Cleanup function to move the labels as required to the best locations. The font used for the mainline size is slightly larger than the font used for lateral line size for clarity.

The mainline will be plotted as a heavy dashed line. As the mainline was laid out in the drawing, it crossed over heads, lateral lines, lateral size callouts, site objects, etc. Now is the time to clean up any graphic conflicts.

Select the Mainline Break function and break the mainline wherever it interferes with other piping or heads. This is similar in control and effect to the AutoCAD Break command for breaking lines.

F Remember: You should always break the mainline with the Land F/X Mainline Break function and not the AutoCAD Break function. The Land F/X Mainline Break function appears to break the line, but in actuality, it inserts an invisible pipe length between the break points. Using the Land F/X Mainline Break function allows you to change and re-size the mainline at a latter date, and does not disrupt the connections to the valves and quick couplers.

Areas where the mainline conflicts with heads, lateral line pipe, or size callouts.

Using �Mainline Break� function to break the mainline at conflicting locations. Using this function will allow the mainline to still function as an un-broken pipe, so no valve supply is effected.

Select the Irrigation Schedule function and the system will present this dialog box:

Irrigation Schedule dialog box.

Destination

You can choose to have the schedule output to either the drawing or a spreadsheet file. When outputting to a spreadsheet file, you probably would want to expand the Sprays by nozzle, and include quantities for all items for easy take-offs.

The destination also includes an �Entire Palette� option. Check this if you want to see a schedule of all of the equipment you have added to a project, regardless if you have placed any of them into a drawing.

Sprays / Bubblers

These have the option of being group by family, or having each nozzle on a different line. The schedule can get much longer with each nozzle on a separate line, yet this may be desired for an accurate quantity count for each nozzle. Also, the GPM can only be displayed when sprays are separated by nozzle.

Rotors / Impacts

Rotors and Impacts must be separated by nozzle. You can choose any combination of columns for them.

Valves / Equipment

Under Valves/Equipment, you can choose to include the Water Meter or P.O.C. on the schedule. Also, if you are exporting the schedule to a spreadsheet, you have the option to Itemize equipment by size.

Default

Clicking Default will save the currently displayed options, to be the default the next time the Irrigation Schedule is run.

If you have multiple sheet areas or P.O.C.�s defined in your drawing, you will be prompted to select any number of them to run the schedule on. Finally, you will be prompted to select the upper left corner of the schedule if outputting to the drawing, or Excel will appear if you are exporting to a spreadsheet.

Irrigation Schedule is generated and placed into the drawing. The details have not been placed or associated for simplicity.

Irrigation Schedule placed with sprays separated by nozzle, no descriptions, and data columns of PSI, GPM, Radius, and quantity.

Notice that the Irrigation Schedule has the following information:

� Symbol: The symbol of each head type in a model series.

� Arc Pattern: The arc pattern or, in the case of adjustable arc heads, the radius is indicated below the symbol.

� Manufacturer & Model

� Description: The second line of the model text is the general description of the component. It will wrap to additional lines as necessary, or can be omitted entirely.

� Quantity: If sprays are grouped, the quantity is the sum of all nozzles in the group. For pipe, the quantity is lineal feet counted to each connected item's insertion point (thus no need to account for the fuzz factor of the size of head/equipment symbols).

� Flow/PSI/Radius: The performance figures as indicated by the design pressure chosen when the head was added to the project. Strips sprays display their pattern dimensions for radius.

� Detail: In this example the detail is not listed because they will have to be associated with the component as indicated in Details.

If you need to delete a head type at a later date, simply run the schedule again and the new schedule will reflect the changed condition.

F Remember: If you place only one head of a certain model into the drawing, such as a full circle 12� radius shrub spray head, and choose to group the sprays, the schedule will indicate all of the 12� radius shrub spray symbols, from quarter circle to full circle.